Much has been done in recent years to enhance the quality of the educational experience for students from underrepresented racial/ethnic groups on college campuses. However, many major problems still exist, presenting professionals concerned with the educational development of students with many significant challenges. This literature review focuses on issues in the recruitment and retention of the following underrepresented racial/ethnic students in higher education: Native Americans, African Americans, Latino/Hispanic Americans, Asian Pacific Americans, and Undocumented Students. The review contains four chapters. The recruitment chapter focuses on issues related to the postsecondary transition process. The chapter on retention reviews the salient issues related to the college enrollment, retention, and graduation of students from these racial/ethnic groups. Before examining these two issues, the first two chapters discuss, respectively, enrollment and graduation trends for underrepresented racial/ethnic students, and the cultural dynamics that must be considered in recruitment and retention policies. The issues and research findings provided in this review stress the need for new policy directions that insure maximum participation in the higher education process for students from underrepresented groups. (LLL)