In this document, a "two-generation program" is defined as a program "that addresses the developmental needs of children within a family support context." The rationale for Head Start as a two-generation program that includes, but goes beyond, the boundaries of the welfare reform strategy, is explored. Major program goals target parents, other family members, and one or more focal children. The Head Start intervention focuses on the promotion of near-term outcomes for children and their families. Increased attention to the lasting effects of preschool programs underscores the expectations that multigenerational consequences can be anticipated, and such anticipation can help break the intergenerational poverty cycle. Long-term gains can be mediated by Head Start's initial impact on both child and family outcomes. A discussion of Head Start's historical focus on addressing the needs of children in the context of the family and community is followed by the presentation of a conceptual framework for a two-generation model that builds on such programs as Head Start: JOBS, New Chance, and Even Start. Steps for research and evaluation are proposed. Contains 25 references. (LB)