This manual identifies critical factors to consider when conducting a least biased assessment of children from a non-English speaking background. The first section identifies relevant linguistic issues. The second section discusses aspects of English as a Second Language including legal issues, alternative means of assessment, testing without intelligence tests, and nontest-based assessment. Data collection procedures are covered next including observation-based, interview-based, or curriculum-based assessment. The next section gives steps in beginning and conducting a least biased assessment. Briefly discussed are using standardized tests with minority pupils, eligibility for special education, and developing comprehensive assessment reports. Checklists and forms are appended including an initial screening form, an interview guide, eligibility guidelines, suggestions for increasing cultural awareness, and questions which reduce bias. Includes 11 references. (DB)