In the spring of 1989, over 2,000 pairs of fourth- and eighth-grade students were assessed on their ability to apply mathematical and scientific concepts. The tests (administered in alternate years during the written assessments of the Massachusetts Educational Assessment Program) required students to apply what they knew about mathematics and science to solve the problems. The following eight brochures, which describe the testing program, present test items, and provide the results are presented: (1) "Background Summary" introduces the testing program; (2) "Popcorn Estimation" (both grades) requires students to estimate the number of kernels in a container; (3) "Insulation" requires eighth graders to estimate the insulating capacities of hot drink cups; (4) "Cubes" requires students in both grades to determine the number of rectangular solids that could be made with 16 cubes; (5) "Animal/Leafkey" tests classification abilities for students in both grades; (6) and (7) "Math Town" (grade 8) aned "Playground" (grade 4), respectively, involve measurement of areas and perimeters, and organizational ability; and (8) "Circuits" (both grades) tests students' comprehension of electricity and simple circuits. Although students appeared to enjoy these problems, it was evident that solving this kind of problem was new for them. Implications of the results for teaching are discussed. (SLD)