Congress established the Strengthening Research Library Resources Program through Title II-C of the 1976 Education Amendments to the Higher Education Act of 1965 to promote research and education throughout the United States by financially assisting major research libraries. Since 1978, nearly $70 million in grants have been distributed to U.S. research libraries in three program areas: bibliographic control (access), preservation, and collection development. This study, whose aim is to trace how the Title II-C program has facilitated scholarly research, consists of two components. Part One is a series of brief profiles presenting data pertaining to program funding by Congress; the number and size of grants awarded; the nature of institutions receiving Title II-C funding; the distribution of projects among the program's three primary funding priorities; and the geographical distribution of the 360 grants awarded between 1978 and 1989. Part Two consists of 22 representative case studies, 11 of which illustrate the scope of project activity within the three program priorities. The remaining case studies describe the cumulative contributions to a single academic discipline: music. (7 tables) (MAB)