This paper reports on an exploratory cross-cultural study of the attitudes of first and second grade students toward the use of microcomputers in instruction. Questionnaire responses were compared among three groups: Japanese students in Tokyo, Japan; American students in Sanger, Texas; and Japanese students attending a special school for Japanese dependents in Dallas, Texas. Data were gathered using the Young Children's Computer Inventory (YCCI), a questionnaire developed for the study, which is intended to provide a baseline for data on attitudinal values for planned longitudinal cross-cultural research. Attitudinal differences among the three groups were explored using factor analysis, analysis of variance, and discriminant function analysis. Identifiable differences were found in the areas of Attitudes Toward Computers, Motivation To Study, and Empathy; no significant differences were found in the area of Creativity. The results indicate that cultural differences play a large part in young children's attitudes toward microcomputers. Data are presented in both tabular and narrative format, and a list of 40 item stems for the YCCI is appended. (12 references) (Author/DB)