This final report of a 2-year research project examines how the needs of pupils with non-recorded learning difficulties were identified and met in the mainstream schools of one region in Scotland. Non-recorded pupils were defined as those pupils who were identified as experiencing learning difficulty but whose difficulties were not pronounced, specific, or complex enough to warrant the opening of a record of need. Data were collected through interviews with 59 secondary staff, case studies of 4 secondary schools, interviews with 45 primary school staff and parents, case studies of 3 primary schools, and interviews with 14 Regional officials. Eight key questions posed by a 1978 report titled "The Education of Pupils with Learning Difficulties in Primary and Secondary Schools in Scotland" formed a conceptual framework for examining the data. Findings are analyzed in chapters with the following titles: "Teachers' Conceptualisations of Pupils with Learning Difficulties,""Identifying Pupils with Learning Difficulties,""Meeting the Needs of Pupils with Learning Difficulties,""The Role of Learning Support in the Classroom,""Support for Schools: Parental and Professional," and "More Able Pupils." An appendix contains a summary of the Report of the Working Party on Children with Learning Difficulties. (15 references) (JDD)