A study identified the most effective and low cost programs currently in operation and described in adult literacy literature that would significantly reduce adult illiteracy in California by 1994. Recommendations were made for a statewide plan to replicate those programs in communities throughout the state. A literature review focused on eight program areas: methods and materials; testing and evaluation; outreach and recruitment; learner retention; program management; international literacy efforts; and replication. A telephone survey collected additional data on program practices and impact from a sample of effective literacy service providers. Comparable data were obtained from 67 adult literacy programs, representing adult basic education, community colleges, libraries, and community based organizations. Onsite visits were made to four of the programs. The literature review, telephone survey, and site visits revealed a variety of programs offering a variety of services. A discussion under the title "Replication" explores the essential conditions that agencies must meet in order to replicate successful practices. Results showed that materials should be adult centered and related to learners' goals. Most programs used tests but were unhappy with them. Ongoing evaluation of learner progress was important to subsequent success. Ongoing program evaluation, networking, and dropout prevention were also important. (Appendixes include project correspondence, instruments, and list of 71 successful adult literacy programs. A 193-item bibliography is provided.) (YLB)