This study explored the nature and extent of programs and services available for culturally diverse and economically disadvantaged gifted learners. Data were gathered through a questionnaire survey of directors of gifted programs in 49 states and territories and a questionnaire survey of 51 local school districts that have active programs for at-risk gifted learners. Analysis of the state-level data focused on definitions of "disadvantagement," program standards for the at-risk gifted population, identification practices, and funding. Analysis of data from school districts dealt with: application of the disadvantagement definition; types of differential programming; and program evaluation. Besides providing results of the study, this report offers a comprehensive review of the current knowledge about programs and services for the target population. Each chapter offers policy recommendations, and the report concludes with nine suggestions for a working agenda, such as initiating the use of multiple measures and encouraging the use of a "tryout" program as part of the selection paradigm. Appendices contain 13 program abstracts from local school districts, the state questionnaire, and the local school district questionnaire. (78 references) (JDD)