This brief report summarizes what is known about pediatric traumatic brain injury, including the following: risk factors (e.g., males especially those ages 5 to 25, youth with preexisting problems including previous head injury victims, and children receiving inadequate supervision); life after injury; physical and neurological consequences (e.g., coma, neurologic and sensorimotor impairments, and milder symptoms including headaches and sleep disturbance); cognitive consequences (lowered intelligence quotient especially in performance scores, greatest recovery in the first 6 months, and impaired ability to concentrate and retain information); behavior and socioemotional consequences (increased incidence of persistent psychiatric or behavioral problems increasing for several years after injury); severity of injury and outcome; age and outcome (differential seizure rates between children under and over age 2, greater long-term cognitive impairment for young children, different affective effects for young children and adolescents, and increased somatic complaints); family consequences (family members often respond in predictable stages post-injury, caregiver needs change over time, and all caregivers value complete clear information). Desirable future directions identified include learning more about risk factors, increasing the effectiveness of early intervention and referral efforts, and providing schools with adequate financial and professional support. Includes 49 references. (DB)