This review of the literature on computer-assisted instruction (CAI) addresses the following topics: background and scope of CAI; current research on software and learner variables; current research on microcomputers and other delivery systems; meta analyses of the effectiveness of CAI; and methods for evaluating CAI programs. It is concluded that although CAI is generally believed to have positive effects in learning, particularly in the area of computer literacy, current research fails to explain the educational strategies that cause these positive effects to occur. Additionally, computer software evaluation methods and program evaluation methods need to be developed in order to improve the use of educational technology in the classroom. (41 references) (DB)