This report was written to accompany the Radon Testing for Safe Schools Act (S.1697), a bill that provides for radon testing of schools located in high risk radon areas and provides limited financial assistance to schools for mitigation of high levels of radon. A description of radon, its harmful effects, and the radon levels detected in schools and homes through surveys by the Environmental Protection Agency is followed by an overview of the bill's origin, evolution, and key elements such as testing guidelines, schedules, and standards; grants for mitigation; and penalties. Information on hearings, rollcall votes, the regulatory impact of the bill, and the cost of legislation are given, and a congressional budget office cost estimate is provided. Last, changes in the existing law caused by the bill are detailed. These include definitions, activities eligible for grant assistance, assistance to local governments, authorization for grant assistance, guidelines for testing for and remediating radon, and requirements for radon testing. Radon survey results and radon screening measurements are delineated in three appendices. A fourth appendix presents S.1697 in full as reported.