This report, prepared pursuant to Public Law 98-183 (Child Abuse Amendments of 1984), examines the nature and extent of the practice of withholding medical treatment or nourishment from infants born with disabilities and makes recommendations to remedy deficiencies in existing law. Evidence suggests that decisions to withhold medically indicated treatment continue to occur despite being prohibited by federal law. The report discusses the effect of the relationship between parents and physicians on decisions to withhold medically indicated treatment; examines the role of quality of life assessments and economic considerations in medical nontreatment decisions; addresses whether the Child Abuse Amendments of 1984 and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 have been properly implemented and enforced; reviews state laws and Constitutional issues; reports on the incidence of discriminatory denial of medical treatment; explores whether child protective services agencies and hospital infant care review committees are fully complying with the Child Abuse Amendments; and considers whether medical discrimination against children with disabilities is part of a larger problem involving discrimination in the provision of medical treatment to persons with disabilities of whatever age. Appendices contain state-by-state evaluations of child protective services agencies; replies of affected federal agencies to the report's findings; and documents relating to legislation, regulations, and court litigation. (JDD)