This paper highlights the main features and proposed advantages of competency-based vocational education (CBVE) through an examination of three competency-based programs n operation. The programs examined are those of Holland College, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada; Northeast Metro Technical College, White Bear Lake, Minnesota; and Richmond College of Technical and Further Education, Victoria, Australia. Data were gathered during site visits in 1988 and 1989. The paper first defines competency-based vocational education and outlines its characteristics through a review of literature. It then examines the three colleges' programs and describes their teaching systems, instructional materials, and curricula. Based on observation of the three programs, the paper offers some implications: (1) competency-based instruction has potential for training in both industry and colleges; (2) the self-pacing aspect appears to develop characteristics of independence and self-reliance; (3) a number of inherent problems and potential pitfalls in the CBVE approach need to be addressed; (4) adequate learning materials and resources are essential; (5) staff development must be an integral part of the program; and (6) learners must be prepared for change from the traditional approach to a CBVE approach. (KC)