As levels of maternal employment increase (71% for mothers with school-age children), there is concern for both the short- and long-term consequences of maternal employment on children and families. This study examined the influence of maternal employment in two-parent families on the substance use of adolescents. Subjects were male and female high school students (N=161) who had fathers working full-time and mothers working full-time (N=77), or fathers working full-time and mothers working part-time or not employed outside the home (N=84). Subjects completed a 48-item survey in which they described their alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use, and mother/father employment patterns. Subjects also reported their frequency of extracurricular activities and sources of income in order to increase understanding of the influence of after school activities on adolescent substance use behaviors. The results revealed no significant effect of maternal employment on adolescent substance use. (Author/NB)