This booklet contains an outline of, and recommendations based on, a study of 128 New Zealand children in special groups mainstreamed into kindergartens and play groups. Research goals were to explore how mainstreaming had been implemented, whether special group children were profiting from the environment's educational opportunities, and whether or not special group children were successfully becoming part of normal social groups. Structured observations of the children and interviews with mothers, teachers, and play center supervisors were the primary research techniques. Results helped to supply answers to such questions as "what is integration?""did mainstreaming work?""how may gains be explained?" and "were there some children not observed in any learning event?" Recommendations arising from the study are offered in the areas of labeling and diagnosis, observation, program development, whole group sessions, one-to-one teaching, withdrawal, intervention, record-keeping, training, and transport. (PB)