Longitudinal studies of the effects of aggression and social withdrawal on later development contribute to an understanding of how socially deviant behaviors may affect future adaptation. This study is concerned with how aggression and social withdrawal are related to criminal activity approximately 10 years after individuals were initially identified. Further, this study examined whether academic achievement provides supplementary or overlapping prediction of crime to that provided by knowledge about social behavior. Information was collected for boys and girls (N=1,704) in grade 7 (time one) about aggression, withdrawal, and academic achievement. Based on their scores, students were divided into aggressive, withdrawn, aggressive-withdrawn, and control groups. Adult criminal activity was assessed 10 years after first assessment (time two). Men who had been aggressive were four times more likely than control males to have committed a crime, and they committed crimes more frequently. As a group, women committed few crimes, and even women who had been aggressive were unlikely to commit crimes. Knowledge about social behavior in early adolescence was a more potent predictor of number and seriousness of crimes than knowledge about academic achievment. (ABL)