This report, based on a 1986 survey of 1,000 new citizens, describes barriers to the naturalization process, efforts currently under way in California to overcome them, and possible future actions the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) and community groups might undertake to assist in streamlining the process. The following key points are discussed: (1) naturalization confers citizenship; (2) the number of legal immigrants in California is increasing; (3) a high percentage of those eligible for naturalization do not file; (4) Latinos comprise the largest group of eligible immigrants who have not filed; (5) naturalization is voluntary, unpromoted, and easily forgone; (6) mandatory English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) classes cannot accommodate demand; (7) the process is tedious, time-consuming, and burdensome; (8) one-third of all applicants do not complete the process; (9) unnaturalized legal immigrants, particularly Latinos, face exclusion from political participation; and (10) public and private organizations and agencies should begin a cooperative effort to educate potential citizens about naturalization and induce them to apply, expand ESL classes, and guide and encourage applicants through the process. Statistical data are included on seven tables and two graphs. The following material is appended: (1) seven tables of supporting statistical data; (2) a description of two typical INS offices; (3) a discussion of the survey; (4) a 10-item annotated bibliography of research reports on naturalization; and (5) a directory of California citizenship service providers. Included also are 94 footnotes, a 51-item selected bibliography, and 5 "exhibits" including the naturalization application form and instructions and a copy of the survey questionnaire. (FMW)