Electrochemical phenomena play a fundamental role in providing essential materials and devices for modern society. This report reviews the status of current knowledge of electrochemical science and technology and makes recommendations for future research and development in this multidisciplinary field. The report identifies new technological opportunities in widely diverse applications, including batteries and fuel cells, biomedical and health care, coatings and films, corrosion, electrochemical surface processing, manufacturing and waste utilization, membranes, microelectronics, and sensors. In addition, opportunities for cross-cutting research in key areas that will provide the technology base needed in the future are delineated. These areas include electrochemical engineering, in situ characterization, interfacial structure, materials, photoelectrochemistry, plasmas, and surface reactions. The socioeconomic impact of electrochemical technology is summarized and compared with current federal support levels. Concerns are noted regarding constraints on basic research arising from support along traditional disciplinary lines and inadequate attention given to exploratory development as well as to science and technology transfer. (Author)