Replication is important to viable scientific inquiry; results that will not replicate or generalize are of very limited value. Statistical significance enables the researcher to reject or not reject the null hypothesis according to the sample results obtained, but statistical significance does not indicate the probability that results will be replicated. Three techniques for evaluating the sampling specificity of results are described: (1) the jackknife technique of J. W. Tukey (1969); (2) the bootstrap technique of Efron, described by P. Diaconis and E. Bradley (1983); and (3) cross-validation methods described by B. Thompson (1989). A small data set developed by B. Thompson in 1979 is used to demonstrate the cross-validation procedure in detail. These three procedures allow the researcher to examine the replicability and generalizability of results and should be used frequently. Two tables present the study results, and an appendix gives examples of commands for the Statistical Analysis System computer package used for the cross-validation example. (SLD)