This paper reviews studies of childhood suicide and reports findings which suggest that the incidence of suicide under the age of 14 is greatly underreported. It notes that the incidence of non-fatal suicide attempts in children is even harder to determine than is the incidence of suicide. Studies are cited which suggest that, while preadolescent boys appeared to attempt suicide with much greater frequency that girls, the level of lethality in younger boys and girls was about equal. Reasons for a child to attempt suicide are considered, including self-punishment, escape, reunion with a significant other, rectification of an unbearable life situation, and avoidance of an impending punishment. Factors in suicidal behavior which are addressed include the child's conceptualization of death, depression, and familial factors (parental depression, family history of suicidal behavior, abuse, family instability, and life stress). It is concluded that there is no one cause of suicidal behavior in children, but that a number of determinants are involved. It is recommended that future research concentrate on providing a more accurate calculation of the incidence of suicidal behavior in children. Thirty-two references are included. (NB)