Women in developing nations often work long, grueling hours alongside men in the fields, but must also cook and keep house, rear children, and provide health care. In short, woman's multifaceted labor is key to the family's survival. It is surprising, therefore, that until the United Nations designated a Decade for Women (1976-1985) the importance of women to the development of Third World Countries was virtually ignored. Since women's contributions have become more projects for women and grass-roots groups focusing solely on women's issues has risen dramatically. Nevertheless, the overall situation of Third World women has changed little: they remain poor and overworked. This book analyzes the economic contributions women make and their role in managing natural resources and promoting family health and welfare, and examines what international donors and national implementing agencies have and have not done, and why they have not accomplished more. It concludes with policy, institutional and project recommendations to increase women's access to the resources and opportunities that will move them and their families out of poverty. A 15-item annotated bibliography and discussion questions for classroom use are included. (JB)