The paper reports on efforts of the Thakur Hari Prasad Institute (THPI), an Indian voluntary agency, to improve services to persons with mental retardation in the developing nation of India. THPI is involved in both institutional and non-institutional activities, development of national policy, and action research. One project has provided early detection and intervention to about 500 infants and young children with handicaps through use of neuro-muscular stimulation and Montessori methods. A second project is providing early identification and intervention services to over 800 children with handicaps in 10 rural villages. This project stresses locally relevant and affordable methods. The special education program of the institute utilizes individualized education plans, instructional materials made of common household objects, and integrated services. A community based rehabilitation center is planned which will have non-professionals teaching rural oriented skills to mentally retarded persons. Vocational training programs for this population in such areas as carpentry and tailoring have also been initiated. THPI is seeking industry involvement and working for new legislation in such areas as civil rights and guardianship. A parents' movement is being encouraged as is research relevant to developing nations. Increased public awareness and personnel development are also encouraged. (DB)