Recognizing that the economic well-being of older black females is associated with current employment as well as previous work history, this study attempts to determine the extent to which health status influences workforce participation or non-participation by older females, and to ascertain if there are significant differences by race. The study also seeks to identify the relative importance of health, socio-demographic, and economic factors in predicting the employment status of older black women. Background materials cited indicate that the following factors contribute to diminished economic well-being for black females throughout their lifetimes: (1) work history of low-paying jobs; (2) greater unemployment; (3) lower levels of education; (4) lower likelihood of marriage; and (5) greater likelihood of being heads of households. The economic status of the elderly is surveyed in terms of Social Security, pensions, and the incidence of poverty. The analysis uses data from the Supplement on Aging to the 1984 National Health Interview Survey. Findings indicate that older black females (55-74 years of age) are more likely to be employed than their white counterparts, but are confronted by race, gender, and age discrimination. The report includes 17 tables, and a list of 43 references is appended. (AF)