To analyze the popularity and merits of the year-round school, this report reviews research and other literature on (1) the history of the year-round school including highlights of a few school district programs from 1800 to the present; (2) the academic, economic, and social impact of year-round schools; (3) school districts' concerns about year-round schools; and the implications of the year-round school for teachers with respect to such concerns as salary arrangements, retirement benefits, staffing, and the National Education Association involvement. The review found inconclusive evidence linking year-round schools to an increase in student academic achievement. Year-round schools can lead to a moderate savings if potential building costs are considered, but higher costs if potential building costs are not considered. The review also found a general tendency toward acceptance of the program by parents of children in year-round schools. However, strong opposition was expressed by some of these parents as well as other parents, teachers, and community members because of the disruption of the traditional summer vacation. Appended are 28 references and 6 diagrams concerning the traditional school year and year-round school models currently in use. (SI)