The goal of this study was to examine the complex interplay among family, neuropsychological, psychosocial, psychiatric, and immunological variables with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected homosexual/bisexual men and their families. The subjects were a broad spectrum of 29 outpatient HIV-infected homosexual/bisexual men between the ages of 18-45 who were not mentally retarded or acutely psychotic and who allowed a significant other family member to participate in the study. The evaluation of the patient at a hospital outpatient clinic consisted of neuropsychological (2 hours), psychosocial (1 hour), and psychiatric (1 hour) evaluations as well as blood drawing and took place at the same time the significant other was given the family evaluation (1 hour). The family evaluation focused on life events, family resources, and ability to cope. Findings indicated that the subjects were experiencing considerable psychological distress and neuropsychological problems relative to norms for male outpatients. Active behavioral coping related to enhanced mood while greater social support was related to more positive mood and less distress. Family resources were related to better immunological functioning. Patients who took responsibility for their own health and well-being and who had a strong sense of family social support starting early in the disease process were more likely to adapt to and cope effectively with their illness, positively affecting disease progression, morbidity, and mortality. (ABL)