The key role of the family in the growth and development of children with mental retardation is explored, from the perspective of the Central Institute on Mental Retardation in Trivandrum, India. The Institute's approach encourages the mentally retarded child to participate in all activities, within the limitations of his functional capacities. The child should not be neglected and left to fend for himself, nor should he be bestowed with too much attention and pity which may stunt his development. A properly trained, knowledgeable family can play a very effective role in making a mentally retarded person a useful member of society. To further these aims, the Institute offers a program of parent education and professional training. The Institute's approach to the education of children with mental retardation is based on the three C's--comprehension, competence, and creativity. (JDD)