The paper examines parent involvement in the governance of schools. Five structures that incorporate elected parent representatives in consultative and decision-making committees established by law are discussed: (1) School Improvement Councils (Massachusetts); (2) Boards of Governors (England and Wales); (3) Counseils d'etablissement (France); (4) consigli di istituto (Italy); and (5) Elternbeirate (German Federal Republic). In purpose and form they are strongly marked by local political and social forces and by the felt needs of particular governments at particular times. In character and content, parent councils are institutions where the gap between rhetoric and reality is almost a defining characteristic. A redefining of the parental role and movement is recommended. (18 references) (SI)