A study of the usage patterns and role of Scottish Gaelic in communities throughout Scotland is presented. Results suggest that in order to preserve and enhance the prestige of the language and its literature, the economic viability of those communities must be maintained. A link is observed between: (1) pride in the language and the distinctive lifestyle it conveys, and (2) the social morale needed to maintain and develop the community. Responsibility is placed on the Scottish Gaelic ethnic-political leadership for the acquisition of resources for economic development, based on existing policies and the development of new initiatives, in the areas in which Gaelic is commonly spoken. The type of economic development desired is a holistic one that respects and builds on the pluralistic nature of the Scottish islands' economy. (MSE)