A description is given of the process of setting nationwide objectives in disease prevention and health promotion. Five national public health goals for enhancing the health of the population at five major life stages are discussed: (1) infant health and mortality reduction; (2) child health and development; (3) health and health habits of adolescents and young adults; (4) improving adult health; and (5) improving health and quality of life for older adults. Priority items are identified within the categories of preventive health services, health protection, and health promotion. The development of these health objectives was undertaken in response to three perceived needs: (1) clarification of national opportunities and intentions; (2) establishment of benchmarks to which federal programs could be addressed; and (3) establishment of a process, national in character, but adaptable to facilitiating the development of local programs. This effort is discussed in the context of the procedural rationale, international experience, and some specific applications. (JD)