This report describes school and community efforts to prevent alcoholism and substance abuse among American Indian and Alaskan Native youth. In 1986, the Indian Health Service (IHS) surveyed Bureau of Indian Affairs schools, public schools with large Indian enrollments, and community groups involved in 225 IHS-funded alcohol and substance abuse programs. Of 420 schools responding, 178 used a topical approach to alcohol/substance abuse education, while 86 were involved in one of five specific model programs; these 264 programs had 57,276 student participants on a predominantly weekly format. Program content most frequently included decision making, peer pressure, values clarification, physical and emotional effects of alcohol and substance abuse, and self-awareness and culture identity issues. Intervention activities focused on referral for counseling, psychological enrichment activities, and workshop/training. Observation of student and followup was the most frequently reported evaluation technique. Positive outcomes included increased self-esteem in 104 schools, and decreased disciplinary problems, increased attendance, and reduced substance abuse in about 60 schools each. Of 160 community programs responding, 137 targeted adolescents. Virtually all used topical materials plus one or more model programs; total participants numbered 31,946. Discussion and recommendations accompany each of 12 school and 11 community data tables. The report contains 53 references, data on Indian adolescent alcohol and substance abuse, IHS alcoholism and substance abuse objectives for 1995, brief descriptions of seven model programs, related mortality data, and the survey instrument. (SV)