This report examines preschool and early primary education in the Chicago (Illinois) public schools, and its impact on disadvantaged minority children. Statistical data were gathered by a survey of 196 kindergarten teachers. For comparison, the survey was also sent to kindergarten teachers in Wilmette (Illinois), a Chicago suburb. Part 1, "City Kids Behind at the Start," compares the entry-level skills of kindergarten students in the city schools with those in the suburbs. Part 2, "Preschool Can Benefit Low-Income Children," discusses the advantages of preschool programs for low-income minority children, criticizes a proposed state spending plan for preschool programs, and examines a proposal for combining preschool and day care facilities. Part 3, "The Play's the Thing in Kindergarten," reviews preschool and primary basic skills curricula and learning activities, and discusses the negative effects of summer vacation on disadvantaged students. Part 4, "How Parents Are Failing to Prepare Kids," examines the parents' role in helping their children to learn, and parenting skills. Part 5, "'Invisible' Gifted Lost Forever," discusses the need for programs for gifted minority students. Statistical data are included on seven graphs and charts. (FMW)