This paper traces the shifts in New Hampshire's state and county population during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, focusing on the growth of urban centers and industry. From 1790 to 1840 most of New Hampshire's population growth was agricultural despite the beginnings of industrialization and urbanization. These processes greatly accelerated during the decades from 1840 to 1900; the railroad network expanded, industries multiplied, and by 1900, 46.7% of New Hampshire's population lived in urban areas. The development of Manchester as New Hampshire's leading manufacturing city and textile center was aided by immigration. The report also describes development of the lumbering and pulp industries. From 1900 to 1950, although population increased 29.5%, many industries moved out of the state and the textile industry declined substantially. Farm abandonment was widespread, with the amount of land used for farms declining from 64% in 1880 to 31% in 1940. Population decline reversed from 1950 to 1980, and by 1982 New Hampshire was the fastest growing state east of the Mississippi River with most of the population growth occurring in the southern part of the state. Reasons for the growth include the expansion of the highway system, the development of bedroom suburbs for Boston commuters, enhancement of the post secondary educational system, tourism, and development of a high technology industry. During the 1960s the state teachers' colleges became state colleges, enlarged their physical plants, and generally attracted a greater variety and number of students. Continuing growth may lead to problems. The need for a broad-based tax to support growth and continuing urbanization and suburbanization may spoil New Hampshire's modern lures: no income tax and unspoiled rural beauty. (DHP)