This chapter examines the current state of instructional development (ID) in business and industry, emphasizing the differences between ID in industry and in education. The competency studies of both the American Society for Testing and Development (ASTD) and the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) are considered, and it is suggested that ID in business and industry differs from ID in education in the following ways: (1) business ID varies widely from organization to organization; (2) business ID is central to many organizations and its quality is correspondingly superior; (3) business ID is still quite closely tied to the concept of the subject-matter expert; (4) there must be some sort of specific problem before the business organization will turn from the subject-matter expert to the instructional developers; (5) business ID seems to be more prominent in the technical skills area then in the areas of interpersonal, sales, and personal growth skills; (6) business and industry rely far more heavily on off-the-shelf courses and materials than does education; and (7) the emphasis in business ID is on producing successful instruction, not on developing new models of instructional development. From these observations, a description of the characteristics of business ID is presented, and changes that will be brought about by the involvement of the two professional associations in the field, the AECT and the ASTD, are discussed. (Author/EW)