This chapter considers the history of instructional development (ID) in the military, with particular emphasis on the U.S. Navy. The ID process used at the Navy's Instructional Program Development Centers is presented, including the process for simulator development. An in-depth analysis of the problems encountered with educational technology applications in the military focuses on the following: (1) failure to integrate the ID process with the DoD (Department of Defense) budgetary process; (2) failure to fully analyze the task and learning environment; (3) substitution of trivial objectives for more meaningful, but difficult-to-measure, objectives; (4) failure to consider the need for effective motivation; (5) failure to provide a detailed strategy for instruction; (6) failure to identify and resolve evaluation problems; and (7) failure to make full use of the iterative status of instructional development. Future trends in the Naval instructional systems development process are identified, and recommendations are made for changes in the system as well as in the training of instructional development graduate students. One figure is included. (43 references) (Author/EW)