This chapter considers the different emphases that an instructional improvement agency can adopt--faculty development, instructional development, organizational development, or some combination. Seven alternative emphases are outlined, and the advantages and disadvantages of each approach are described. The importance of three factors is emphasized: (1) the overall level of readiness for innovation; (2) size and capabilities of the instructional improvement staff; and (3) the availability of outside consultants. Guidelines for choosing a particular emphasis and examples of the application of these guidelines are provided. (28 references) (Author/EW)