This chapter presents the anthropological theory of innovation and diffusion, and applies it to the problem of implementing planned change within the instructional development process. The work of Barnett and others on culture and planned culture change is described and applied to the educational system and the classroom environment. Barnett's theory of innovation is then applied to the implementation of planned change within instructional development, and the position of the instructional developer as an advocate of change and the relationship of the developer to the client are considered. Two figures are included. (29 references) (Author/EW)