The tendency of female students to avoid mathematics and science courses has been of concern to many researchers. The concern stems from the fact that avoidance of these academic areas places young women in a position of reduced choice with respect to careers. This research examined mathematics and science related attitudes and behaviors among male and female university students. The project consisted of three studies. The first involved a follow-up of female university students who had participated in an earlier study. These students were contacted and asked questions about jobs and careers. Analyses were run to determine the adequacy of different measures in predicting the actual career choices of these women with regards to mathematics and science. The second study analyzed the results of a questionnaire given to male and female first-year full-time university students to measure attitudes and intentions about mathematics and science, and background information. Gender differences related to a number of attitudes and behaviors were examined. In the third study, first-year male and female mathematics and science students were questioned in order to investigate the factors predictive of persistence in mathematics and science courses once enrolled. Conclusions are drawn from each of these studies. (CW)