The efforts of Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Oklahoma, and Virginia to increase the production of black recipients of the doctoral degree were studied. These five states have traditionally operated racially dual structures of postsecondary education. Secondary analyses of national and state data are provided, along with results of interviews with key informants in the states and the doctorate granting universities. Results show that little change in the number of doctorates granted to blacks has occurred between 1975-1976 and 1983-1984 despite the presence of state provided funds for doctoral study. First-time graduate enrollments have decreased slightly and there have been no substantial gains in black/white parity at the graduate level and considerable fluctuation from year to year. It is suggested that new funding arrangements implemented in each state have served mainly to improve the quality of graduate and doctoral level support for the same numbers rather than to increase the size of the candidate pool. Admissions and recruitment approaches and state and college administrative efforts vary widely but share some common features. Exemplary practices are identified and policy recommendations are offered. Appendices include the interview schedule and information on state plans to serve black students. Contains 24 references. (Author/SW)