This document presents an update of a fact book first published by the Public Health Service in 1969. It deals with the medical, social, and economic aspects of cigarette smoking and identifies cigarette smoking as the chief preventable cause of death in the United States. The first section, Smoking, Tobacco & Health, examines trends in cigarette smoking for the years 1900 through 1985 and corresponding statistics on lung cancer deaths; discusses the popularity and addictiveness of cigarettes; and looks at who smokes and why, teenagers and smoking, and former smokers. A section on smoking and health compares life expectancies of male smokers and nonsmokers. Cigarette smoking and its relationship to cancer, heart disease, and chronic lung disease are examined. The constituents of cigarettes are identified and the introduction of low-tar and low-nicotine cigarettes is discussed. Also included are discussions of women and smoking; smoking and the workplace; pipes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco; and passive smoking. A section on cigarette manufacturing and marketing looks at cigarette marketing, cigarette advertising, and cigarette taxes. Other sections discuss the growing of tobacco and the cigarette trade worldwide. (NB)