This booklet focuses on state regulations of gas, electricity, water, and telephone services. Section 1 describes the basic steps in a rate case, procedures followed, and key terms used in explaining these processes. Included information highlights preparing and tracking a rate case in terms of: (1) preliminary events; (2) the staff's position and hearings; (3) a commission's decision; and (4) appeals' procedures. Section 2 contains a brief history of U.S. utility regulations and the rationale behind the concept of regulation. Section 3 explains: (1) how rates charged to a customer are determined; (2) regulatory, financial, and accounting concepts; and (3) major issues that lead to rate case disputes. Section 4 contains an assessment of various factors involved in the ratemaking process. (JHP)