The data contained in this volume are the product of the National Science Foundations Scientific and Technical Personnel Data System. They represent estimates of demographic, employment, and educational characteristics of scientists and engineers in 1982. These data come from three different sources: (1) The Postcensal Survey of Scientists and Engineers; (2) The New Entrants Survey; and (3) The Survey of Doctoral Scientists and Engineers. Section A contains definitions and statistical procedures for the surveys. Section B contains the results of these surveys in the form of statistical tables. Section C contains data from the 1982 national survey of natural and social scientists and engineers, the 1981 survey of doctoral recipients, and the 1982 survey of science and engineering graduates. (CW)