This document asserts that mathematics is becoming essential to many more disciplines. The paper is an attempt to describe the sorts of curricular changes which many mathematics educators are now recommending. The paper discusses: (1) mathematical power; (2) mathematics instruction; (3) new research directions; (4) mathematical thinking and learning; (5) rote learning; (6) the development of subject matter; (7) problem solving strategies; (8) metacognition and "executive control"; (9) the use of the calculator and computer technology; (10) the effects of calculators and computers; and (11) future directions of research. It concludes that the need for a structural scientific approach to curriculum and instructional development in mathematics has never been greater. A four-page list of references is provided. (TW)