This volume represents a compilation and organization of more than 400 research efforts reported in 1986. Its objective was to organize the research in such a way that studies or related topics are easy to access by practitioners or researchers. It is organized around four major sections that reflect the process of teaching, learning, and schooling including: (1) "Teaching and the Teacher" (studies of teacher attitudes, perceptions, practices, repertoires and performance); (2) "Learning and the Learner" (the nature of learning and characteristics of the learner); (3) "Curriculum and Instruction" (the nature of curricula, instructional variables, and characteristics of exemplary science programs); and (4) "Instrument Development and Analysis" (efforts to develop and/or validate instruments to measure the process of teaching, learning and schooling). Each major section begins with an overview of the research summarized and a context for review, and ends with a reference list appropriate to that section. No effort to conduct an in-depth analysis of each research area was made. A discussion of the significance of the studies and implication for practice and future research is included in each major section. Three imperatives that were noted were the need for research to have a greater impact upon classroom procedures, greater teacher interaction, and teacher collaboration on research teams. (CW)