Discipline means teaching children socialization rules, so that they eventually learn self-control. Discipline must be used in the context of a warm, caring relationship, with the realization that it takes time for young children to absorb and understand what is being taught. In addition, appropriate discipline depends on an understanding of developmental stages which allows one to decide which situations require discipline. Many potential disciplinary problems can be prevented by carefully planning the child's environment, being clear and consistent about rules, noticing children's needs and differences, keeping promises, and refocusing children who are engaged in inappropriate behavior. When behavior becomes a problem, there are a number of techniques which can be used with infants and toddlers: (1) change the environment; (2) offer choices; (3) use the "hold and talk" technique for tantrums; (4) remind about rules; (5) model good behavior; (6) offer alternative means for expressing aggressive behavior; (7) appreciate and encourage socialized behaviors, even if they are only beginnings; (8) firmly share concerns about hurting others; (9) help children see connections between what they do and how it affects other children; (10) help children to see the connection between their misbehavior and deprivation of their play situation when time-out is used; (11) give children words to express strong emotions; and (12) show affection and try to see humor in the situation. Forty references are provided. (PCB)