This book reviews evidence in the biological and behavioral sciences relating physical activity to human well-being. The following articles are included: (1) "Physical Growth and Maturation" (Robert M. Malina); (2) "Acquisition of Motor Skills During Childhood" (John L. Haubenstricker and Vern D. Seefeldt); (3) "Development of Sensory-Motor Function in Young Children" (Harriet G. Williams); (4) "Memory Development and Motor Skill Acquisition" (Jerry R. Thomas and Jere Dee Gallagher); (5) "Physical Activity and the Prevention of Premature Aging" (Waneen W. Spirduso); (6) "Physical Activity and Body Composition" (Pat Eisenman); (7) "Neuromuscular Adaptations to High-Resistance Exercise" (Gary Kamen); (8) "Menstruation, Pregnancy, and Menopause" (Christine L. Wells); (9) "Nutrition and Ergogenic Aids" (Emily M. Haymes); (10) "Cardiorespiratory Adaptations to Chronic Endurance Exercise" (Russell R. Pate and J. Larry Durstine); (11) "Mental Health" (Rod K. Dishman); (12) "Social Development" (George H. Sage); (13) "Moral Development" (Maureen R. Weiss and Brenda Jo Bredemeier); (14) "Disabling and Handicapping Conditions" (Alfred F. Morris); (15) "Cardiorespiratory Diseases" (Patty S. Freedson); (16) "Metabolic Disease: Diabetes Mellitus" (Kris Berg); (17) "The Relation of Movement and Cognitive Function" (Jerry R. Thomas and Katherine T. Thomas); and (18) "Effects of Physical Education Programs on Children" (Paul Vogel). (JD)