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ERIC Number: ED289871
Record Type: Non-Journal
Publication Date: 1987-Jul
Pages: 17
Abstractor: N/A
ISBN: N/A
ISSN: N/A
EISSN: N/A
Available Date: N/A
The Relation of Empathy and Self-Esteem With Active Sporting.
Kalliopuska, Mirja
This study surveyed the connection of empathy and self-esteem with active sporting. The subjects were 1,381 members of Finnish baseball teams between the ages of 8 to 16. The instruments used in testing the subjects were: (1) the modified Mehrabian & Epstein Empathy test (1972); (2) the Battle Self-Esteem Scale, Form B (1981); (3) the Coopersmith modified Self-Esteem Scale (23 items); (4) the Assertiveness Scale by Osborn & Harris (1978); (5) the Narcissism Scale by Emmons (1984); and (6) the Torrance Creativity Scale (Figural form). A questionnaire surveying interests and psychosomatic symptoms was also planned for the study. The findings indicated: (1) empathy as well as self-esteem and self-assertiveness seemed to increase statistically significantly with age; (2) girls were more empathetic and more sensitive than boys; (3) there were no differences according to sex in self-esteem; (4) the subjects became increasingly narcissistic and self-assertive but less sensitive with the years spent in active playing; and (5) no effect on total empathy scores was found, although self-esteem increased with the playing years. An analysis of these results is presented. (JD)
Publication Type: Reports - Research; Speeches/Meeting Papers
Education Level: N/A
Audience: N/A
Language: English
Sponsor: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A
Identifiers - Location: Finland
Grant or Contract Numbers: N/A
Author Affiliations: N/A