The second of three sequels to the booklet "Student Assessment," this booklet begins by describing and giving examples of three different forms that short-answer questions can take: (1) completion items; (2) unique-answer questions; and (3) open short-answer questions. Guidelines are then provided for deciding which type of question to use in a given situation, and the task of writing short-answer questions is broken down into three stages and described in detail. Methods for the evaluation of short-answer questions are also discussed, including evaluation by a colleague or validation panel and quantitative evaluation. Advice on how to mark short-answer questions concludes the booklet. Two general references and three subject-based references for teachers of chemistry, physics, and mathematics are listed. (MES)