This report is based on selected surveys of research practices used in eight countries (Canada, France, Germany, Japan, The Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States). It is designed as a technical approach to help both scientists and decision makers unfamiliar with these procedures to define the most relevant practices in light of analysis of their advantages and limitations. The major emphasis of the document is on university research. It contains sections on: (1) elements in the organization of research; (2) methods and techniques; (3) administration of evaluation; (4) evaluation of scientific research in universities; (5) evaluation of mission-oriented research; and (6) international programs. A bibliography is included. (TW)