Detailed tabulations are presented on the topic of school enrollment, including the social and economic characteristics of students. Special topics discussed include racial differences in preprimary enrollments, an estimate of high school dropout rates, changes in the sex composition of college students, and the proportions of students who are returning to college after some period of time out of school. Some highlights of the topics discussed are: (1) in October 1983, 57.8 million persons aged 3 to 34 were enrolled in schools; (2) the number of nursery school students has increased by 75 percent in the past 10 years; (3) whereas elementary school enrollments, at 27.2 million, will soon stop decreasing and begin rising, high school enrollments of 14 million are down substantially from 1977 when there were 15.8 million students; and (4) college enrollments, at 10.8 million, are substantially greater than the 8.2 million students enrolled in 1973. Increases in college enrollment have occurred in part because of rising participation rates of women. In addition, students 35 and older now account for over 12 percent of all college students. Seven tables are included with the text. The main body of the report consists of 25 detailed tables. The appendixes contain 14 supplementary tables, the sources of the data, and an assessment of the reliability of the estimates. (MLF)